All parties involved in publication (authors, editors, reviewers, publisher) must adhere to high ethical standards in line with COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics) best practice guidelines. Key obligations include:

• Originality: no plagiarism, no redundant or duplicate publication.
• Proper citation and acknowledgment of sources.
• Authorship criteria: authors must have made substantial contributions; all listed authors must approve submission.
• Conflict of interest disclosures.
• Ethical treatment of human/animal subjects, including institutional review board approval, informed consent, etc.

Correcting/error retracting articles if significant errors are found.